At Daijob.com, we have helped thousands of professionals navigate these transitions. In 2026, the focus has shifted from “paperwork” to “proof of value.”

What were the “Old” rules before the 2026 reform?

Before the recent changes, the “Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services” visa was often a source of frustration.

Under the old visa system:

・Strict Degree Matching: If your degree was in Literature, you struggled to get an “Engineer” visa, even with years of coding experience.

・Manual Paperwork: You had to visit the Immigration Bureau in person or send physical mail for every small update.

・Slow Processing: Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) often took two to three months.

・Rigid Categories: There was very little “overlap” allowed between technical work and humanities work.

Point: The old system focused on your past education. The new 2026 system focuses on your current skills.

What are the core Japan Engineering and Humanities Visa Rules for 2026?

The 2026 update is designed to make Japan more competitive. The Ministry of Justice now uses the Digital Residency Portal for all applications.

Key 2026 Updates:

・Functional Competency: Immigration now accepts specialized certifications (like recognized AI bootcamps) alongside a university degree, even if they don’t match perfectly.

・Category Consolidation: It is now easier to perform “hybrid” roles. For example, a Marketing Manager who also handles front-end web updates no longer faces visa “mismatch” risks.

・Tiered Processing: Large, stable companies (Category 1 and 2) now receive priority. This reduces the burden on high-tier talent.

Does the 2026 visa rule require a JLPT N2 certificate?

There is still a lot of confusion about this. Legally, the Japan Engineering and Humanities Visa Rules do not list a JLPT certificate as a mandatory requirement for the visa.

However, there is a “Market Reality”:

・For Engineers: If your skills are in high demand (e.g., Cybersecurity), you can often get a visa with zero Japanese ability.

・For Humanities: If you work in Sales, HR, or PR, your employer must prove you can perform the job. In 2026, most companies require N2 to verify this “Language Competency” for immigration.

Pro Tip: Even if it isn’t required for the visa, having N2 adds 15 points to your Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) score. This can fast-track you to Permanent Residency.

Who is eligible for the new 2026 “Priority Fast-Track”?

To combat the labor shortage, Japan has introduced “Priority Sectors.” If you work in one of these, your application moves to the top of the pile.

Eligibility for 2-week processing:

・AI & Data Science: Includes prompt engineers and machine learning researchers.

・Green Technology: Experts in renewable energy and carbon neutrality.

・Semiconductor Engineering: Hardware specialists for Japan’s growing chip industry.

・Global Digital Strategy: Professionals bridging Japanese brands to international markets.

Pro Tip: You must be employed by a Category 1 or 2 company to access this speed. Smaller startups can still apply, but processing may take the standard 4-6 weeks.

How has “Degree Matching” changed in depth?

This is the biggest win for career changers. Previously, a “Mismatch” was the #1 reason for visa rejection.

In 2026, immigration uses a “Holistic Review” method.

・Case 1: You have a Business degree but worked as a Coder for 5 years. Approved.

・Case 2: You have a Music degree but finished a 6-month intensive Data Science program. Approved (with a letter of reason from your employer).

Pro Tip: The Japan Engineering and Humanities Visa Rules now value “Recency of Skill” over “Subject of Degree.”

What are the new rules for changing jobs in 2026?

Changing jobs is easier now, but the digital trail is much clearer.

・The 14-Day Digital Rule: You must report your job change through the Digital Residency Portal within 14 days. Failure to do this can lower your “Trustworthiness” score for future renewals.

・Certificate of Authorized Employment: If you change industries (e.g., from Hospitality to IT), you should apply for this certificate. It confirms your new job fits your current visa status.

・The 3-Month Unemployment Limit: In 2026, immigration is stricter about “actively seeking work.” If you are between jobs for more than 90 days without a valid reason, your visa may be revoked.

Take Away

A Modern System for Modern Talent

The 2026 Japan Engineering and Humanities Visa Rules reflect a Japan that is open for business. The transition from “Old Rules” to “Functional Competency” means your actual skills matter more than your diploma.

Keep your Digital Residency Portal profile updated. In 2026, your digital compliance is just as important as your job performance.

Helpful Resources

Immigration Services Agency: 2026 Status of Residence Guide
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Visa Categories for Foreign Professionals
Japan ID Unification: Zairyu Card & My Number Merge Explained

The post 2026 Japan Visa: New rules decoded. appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

But can you legally work a second job on a work visa? The answer is “Yes,” but you must follow specific immigration rules. If you ignore them, you risk your residency. This guide explains how to secure your Side Hustle Visa Japan permissions without the stress. Here is everything you need to know to boost your income legally and safely in 2026.

Q: Is there a specific “Side Hustle Visa” in Japan?

Actually, no. “Side Hustle Visa” is a nickname. Most expats in Japan hold a status like Engineer/Specialist in Humanities. This visa allows you to work only within those professional fields.
If you want to earn extra money, you have two paths:

1. Inside your category: If you are a marketer and you do freelance marketing on the side, you usually do not need extra immigration permission.
2. Outside your category: If you are a coder but want to earn money as a yoga instructor or a tour guide, you must apply for Shikakugai Katsudo Kyoka (Permission to Engage in Other Activity).

Point: Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) visa holders are an exception. Even if the side job is in the same field, you must often notify or get specific permission from immigration for secondary employers.

Q: Does my current visa allow a side hustle?

In Japan, most work visas (like “Engineer/Humanities”) are category-specific. This means you can only do the work listed on your certificate.

Point: If your side hustle is in a different field (e.g., you are a coder but want to teach yoga), you need extra permission.

・Permanent Residents & Spouses: You have no restrictions. You can do any side hustle immediately.
・HSP (Highly Skilled Professional): You have more flexibility, but you must still notify immigration if the employer changes.
・Standard Work Visas: You usually need to apply for “Permission to engage in activity other than that permitted” (Shikakugai Katsudo Kyoka).

Q: What exactly is the “Permission to Engage in Other Activity”?

This is what most people call the Side Hustle Visa Japan. It is an official stamp on your residence card. It allows you to work up to 28 hours per week in a different field.

Point: You cannot use this permission for “adult entertainment” industries (bars, gambling, etc.). This is a strict rule.

Q: How do I apply for this permission?

The process is surprisingly simple if you have a clean record. You do not always need a lawyer, but you do need patience.

1. Check your contract: Ensure your main company allows Fukugyo. In 2026, most modern Japanese firms have “unlocked” this, but old-school firms might still say no.

2. Submit the Form: Fill out the “Application for Permission to Engage in Activity other than that Permitted.”

3. Provide Proof: You may need a contract or a description of the side work.

4. Wait: Processing usually takes 2 to 4 weeks.

Q: What about taxes?

With the merged My Number and Residence Card (Tokutei Zairyu Card) system launching in June 2026, the tax office has “x-ray vision” into your income.

The 200,000 JPY Rule:

If your side hustle profit is under ¥200,000 a year, you don’t need to file a national income tax return. However, you still need to report it for Resident Tax (Juminzei) at your local city hall.

Point: In 2026, the National Tax Agency uses digital tracking more aggressively. Do not try to hide your income.

The 2026 economic landscape is pushing everyone toward the “Multi-Income” mindset. However, the biggest fear for most expats isn’t the paperwork—it’s the boss. Here is the deep dive into the “Secret Side Hustle” vs. the “Transparent Professional” approach.

Q: Do I have to disclose my side hustle to my main employer?

Legally, there is no Japanese law that says you must tell your boss you are earning extra money. However, there is a contractual catch. Most Japanese companies have a clause in their Rules of Employment (Shuugyou Kizoku) regarding side jobs. Even in 2026, these usually fall into two categories:

1. Notification-based: You just have to tell them you are doing it.
2. Permission-based: You must ask before you start.

Point: If you are on a sponsored work visa, your main company is your “Host Institution.” If you apply for Individual Permission from Immigration to work in a different field, Immigration might ask for a “No Objection” letter from your sponsor. In this case, disclosure is mandatory.

Q: What if my company has a “No Side Hustle” rule?

In 2026, a total ban on side hustles is increasingly seen as outdated and legally weak. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) updated the “Model Rules of Employment” years ago to state that employees should be allowed side jobs in principle.
If your company still says “No,” they can only legally stop you if:

・Confidentiality: You are using their trade secrets.
・Conflict of Interest: You are working for a direct competitor.
・Health Risk: You are working so many hours that you become a “safety risk” at your main job.
・Reputation: Your side job (e.g., adult entertainment) harms the company’s brand.

Point: If your side hustle is a quiet weekend hobby (like freelance design or online teaching) and it doesn’t harm the company, it is very difficult for them to fire you. They might give you a “warning,” but a judge would rarely uphold a dismissal for a harmless side job.

Q: How can I keep my side hustle private?

If you decide to keep your “Fukugyo” a secret to avoid office drama, your biggest enemy is the Resident Tax (Juminzei). Usually, your side income is added to your total income. The city office then sends a tax bill to your main company. If your tax bill is suddenly much higher than your salary suggests, the HR department will know you have extra income.

The “Tax Trick” for 2026:

When you file your Final Tax Return (Kakutei Shinkoku) in February/March, look for the section titled “How to pay Resident Tax.” Check the box for “Futsu Choushu” (Direct/General Collection). This tells the city to send the bill for your side income to your home address, while your main tax is still handled by your office.

Q: How does the new 2026 Freelance Protection Act help me?

・Provide a written contract (no more “vague” verbal deals).
・Pay you within 60 days of the work completion.
・ Do not change the contract terms halfway through the project.

This is a major Pro-Tip for 2026. The Japanese government recently enacted the Freelance Transaction Properization Act. This law was made specifically to protect people like you—individual “side hustlers.” Under this law, your side-hustle clients must:

Point： If a client refuses to give you a clear contract in 2026, they are breaking the law. Walk away!

Q: How can AI help me manage my side hustle?

AI can act as your personal legal assistant. Use it to check your contract or draft emails to immigration.

Copy-Paste Prompt: “I am a foreign professional in Tokyo on a [Type] visa. I want to start a side hustle in [Field]. Act as an expert in Side Hustle Visa Japan rules. Check the following clause from my employment contract to see if I am legally allowed to do this: [Paste Clause].”

Q: What are the best “Yen-Hedge” side hustles for 2026?

In the 2026 market, “simple labor” like delivery work doesn’t pay enough to beat inflation. You should focus on high-skill, AI-resilient side gigs that utilize your N2+ Japanese ability.

・AI Prompt Engineer / Auditor: Companies are moving to AI, but need human experts to check the Japanese output for cultural accuracy.
・Spot Consulting: Using platforms like VisasQ, you can earn ¥15,000–¥50,000 per hour just by sharing your expertise on your home country’s market.
・Specialized Content Creation: 2026 is the year of “Micro-influencers.” If you have deep knowledge in IT, law, or finance, B2B companies will pay a premium for your guest articles.

Take Away

The days of relying on a single Japanese company for your entire life are over. Between the falling Yen and the rise of AI, Side Hustle Visa Japan permissions are no longer a “luxury”—they are a survival strategy.

In 2026, the most successful expats are those who treat themselves as a “Company of One.” You provide value to your main employer, but you also build your own assets on the side.

Our 2026 Advice:
Stay Legal: Always get the proper Immigration stamps.
Stay Professional: Never let your side hustle affect the quality of your main job.
Stay Smart: Use AI to automate your side business so it doesn’t lead to burnout.

Your career is your most important investment. Diversify it, protect it, and watch it thrive even in a difficult economy.

Helpful Resources

• Immigration Services Agency: Application Forms for Work Permission
• National Tax Agency: Guide to Kakutei Shinkoku

The post Side Hustle Visa Japan: The 2026 Guide appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

If you leave Japan permanently, you can claim a partial refund. This is officially called the Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment. This guide will explain exactly how to calculate your refund, the eligibility rules, and how to get your money back.

What is the Nenkin System?

Every resident in Japan aged 20 to 59 must join the pension system. Most expats fall into one of two categories:

National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin): For students, freelancers, or the self-employed.

Employees’ Pension (Kosei Nenkin): For those working at companies with salary deductions.

Who is Eligible for a Refund?

To get your nenkin back, you must meet these four conditions:

・You do not hold Japanese nationality.
・You paid into the system for at least six months.
・You no longer have a registered address in Japan.
・You have never qualified for Japanese pension benefits before.

Important: You must apply within two years of leaving Japan.

The “5-Year Cap” Rule Change

Previously, the refund was capped at 36 months (3 years) and as of 2026, the cap has been extended to 60 months (5 years). Some new regulations may even allow long-term workers to claim up to 96 months (8 years) of contributions back.

The 20% Income Tax Trap

When you receive your nenkin refund, the government automatically deducts a 20.42% income tax making you initially receive only about 80% of your total payment.
Can you get this 20% back?
Yes, However, you cannot claim it directly from outside Japan. You must appoint a Tax Representative residing in Japan to file a tax return for you.

Detailed Steps to Claim Your Refund

You must follow these steps carefully to ensure you receive your money.

Step 1: Before Leaving Japan

・Submit a Move-out Notice: Go to your local municipal office and file a Tenshutsu-todoke. This deregisters your address and ends your pension coverage.
・Appoint a Tax Representative: Find a friend or professional in Japan to be your Tax Representative. Someone who will claim the 20% tax withheld from your refund later.
・Get Your Pension Number: Make sure you have a copy of your Basic Pension Number.

Step 2: After Arriving in Your Home Country

・Wait for De-registration: You must no longer have an address in Japan to apply.
・Fill Out the Application: Download the “Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment” form from the JPS website. It is available in multiple languages.
・Prepare Your Bank Details: You need a bank account that can receive international transfers. Provide your SWIFT/BIC code and IBAN if applicable.

Step 3: Mail the Documents to Japan

Mail your package to the Japan Pension Service in Tokyo. Include these items:

・A copy of your passport (pages with your name, date of birth, and departure stamp).
・Your Basic Pension Number document.
・A copy of your deleted residence record (Juhyo) or a document showing your Resident Register Code.
・Bank verification documents (e.g., a voided check or bank statement).

Step 4: Receive the Payment and Tax Refund

・The 80% Payment: After 4 to 6 months, JPS will transfer about 80% of your refund to your bank.
・The 20% Tax Refund: JPS will mail you a “Notice of Payment”. Send the original document to your Tax Representative in Japan and get them tol file a tax return at your last local tax office to claim the remaining 20% for you.

How Much Nenkin Do You Get Back?

The refund amount depends on your pension type and how long you worked in Japan.

1. National Pension Refund

For the National Pension, the amount is a fixed sum based on the months you paid. As of 2026, the estimated amounts are as follows:

2. Employees’ Pension Refund

For company employees, the formula is more complex. It uses your Average Standard Remuneration (ASR). This is your average monthly salary plus bonuses.

The formula is: Your Payout = Average Monthly Income × Payout Rate

The Payout Rate is determined by your total months of coverage:
・6 months: 0.5
・12 months: 1.1
・36 months: 3.3
・60 months (5 years): 5.5

Example: If your average salary was ¥300,000 and you worked for 3 years (36 months), your estimated refund would be ¥300,000 × 3.3 = ¥990,000.

Visa Case-By-Case Insights

Your visa type often determines how you pay into the system and what you can claim.

・Work Visas (Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/Intra-company Transferee):

Most company employees are covered by the Employees’ Pension Insurance (EPI). Your employer deducts premiums directly from your salary and pays half the cost. This is the easiest way to stay compliant.

・Business Manager Visa:

Business managers are responsible for their own enrollment and their employees’ contributions. Late payments can negatively impact your visa renewal and future PR applications.

・Spouse or Dependent Visas:

If you are the spouse of a company employee, you may be a “Category 3” insured person. In this case, you are covered by the system without paying individual premiums.

・Highly Skilled Professional (HSP) Visa:

HSP holders must be very careful with payment timing. Immigration reviews their tax and pension records carefully during the fast-track PR process.

The 10-Year Rule: Continuous Stay vs. Intervals

Japan requires 10 years of contributions to qualify for a lifetime pension. Your strategy changes depending on your total time in Japan.

Case 1: Staying for 7 to 10 Years Continuously

If you have less than 10 years of coverage, you can claim the Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment. However, the refund is currently capped at 60 months (5 years). If you stay for 9 years and then withdraw, you effectively lose 4 years of contributions.

Case 2: 10+ Years of Stay

Once you reach 10 years of payments, you are no longer eligible for a refund. Instead, you have earned the right to receive a Japanese pension when you turn 65. This applies even if you move back to your home country.

Case 3: Staying 7 to 10 Years with Intervals

What if you worked in Japan, left for a few years, and then returned? The Japan Pension Service totals your coverage periods. If your combined periods reach 10 years, you qualify for a pension. Furthermore, Japan has Social Security Agreements with many countries. These agreements allow you to “totalize” your pension years from both countries. For example, 7 years in Japan and 3 years in the USA may equal 10 years for eligibility.

Is Withdrawing a Good Idea?

While getting a large cash refund is tempting, consider the downsides. Japan has Social Security Agreements with many countries. If your country is on the list, the years you worked in Japan can often count toward your home country’s pension.

Once you take the nenkin lump-sum refund, your entire enrollment history in Japan is erased. You will lose any future rights to a Japanese old-age pension.

Resources:
・Japan Pension Service: Official Lump-sum Withdrawal Guide
・Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Visa Types and Requirements
・Japan Pension Service: Social Security Agreements by Country
・Nenkin Net: Online Pension History Access

Take Away

Summary Table

Understanding nenkin is essential for any expat in Japan. Whether you want a refund or a lifetime pension, your payment history is the key. Always pay on time to protect your visa and financial future.

Is your salary keeping up with 2026 benchmarks? Read this article to see your current market value.

The post Nenkin: How much do you get back? appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

The Value of the Bilingual Salary Premium in 2026

Bilingual proficiency remains one of the most valuable assets in the Japanese job market. Global companies are willing to pay a high price for talent that bridges cultural gaps.

Why the Premium Exists

Companies in Japan are expanding their global reach. Consequently, they need staff who can navigate both English and Japanese business environments. This necessity drives a bilingual salary premium that typically ranges between 10% and 30%.

Language Premium (2026 median ranges):

• ・Client Success / Account Management: earns a +20–30% estimated premium.
• ・Finance & Accounting: attracts a +15–25% premium for Japan portfolios.
• ・Engineering & Manufacturing: sees a +10–20% premium for N1/N2 holders.

Fluency is no longer just a bonus. Instead, it has become a baseline for high-level leadership roles.

2026 Salary Benchmarks Japan: A Sector Breakdown

Salary growth in Japan is currently robust. In fact, 55% of companies plan to increase pay this year. Understanding the 2026 salary benchmarks in Japan is crucial for knowing your worth.

1. Tokyo IT Jobs 2026

The technology sector offers some of the highest earning potential. International software engineers in Tokyo now earn a median of ¥8M to ¥12M.

2. Finance and Executive Leadership

Finance professionals are seeing strong growth due to digitalization and fintech. High-level bilingual managers are particularly sought after for their governance skills.

• ・CEO / Managing Director: ¥55M – ¥72M.
• ・Investment Banker: ¥15M – ¥35M.
• ・CFO: ¥20M – ¥30M.
• ・Finance Professional (Tokyo): ¥6M – ¥12M.

Latest Data Source: 9cv9 Japan Salary Outlook 2026

The Impact of JLPT N1/N2 on Your Income

Your JLPT N1 salary potential depends heavily on your industry and specific role. While N2 is often sufficient for office jobs, N1 unlocks executive-level tiers.

Benchmarks by Proficiency Level

• ・JLPT N1: Required for leadership, executive positions, and specialized research.
• ・JLPT N2: The standard for finance, management, and professional consulting roles.
• ・JLPT N3: Sufficient for entry-level tech and engineering positions at global firms.

Furthermore, professionals holding N1 or N2 can expect faster career progression. They also gain more exposure to cross-border operations.

Regional Variations: The Tokyo Premium

Location remains a decisive factor in your paycheck. Tokyo IT jobs 2026 pay significantly more than roles in other regions.

• ・Tokyo: Salaries are 20–40% above the national average.
• ・Osaka and Nagoya: Offer moderate costs with competitive job markets.
• ・Rural Areas: Pay is 30–40% lower, but housing costs are significantly reduced.

While Tokyo offers high pay, it also has the highest living expenses. Therefore, many workers now prioritize flexible or hybrid arrangements to balance income and costs.

Important Note for Residents

As your income grows, administrative tasks also change. For example, the new ID systems starting this year will affect how you prove residency. You should read our previous guide on the 2026 ID Card Merger to stay compliant.

Salary Negotiation Japan: Strategies for 2026

Effective salary negotiation in Japan requires clear evidence of your market value. You must demonstrate how your skills solve specific company problems.

Key Steps for Negotiation

1. Research Market Rates: Use salary comparison tools before entering a meeting.
2. Quantify Achievements: Use metrics like sales growth or cost savings to prove worth.
3. Understand the Full Package: Negotiate for bonuses, allowances, or flexible working if the base is fixed.
4. Timing Matters: The best time to negotiate is when an employer makes their first offer.

Avoid making negotiations personal or using vague demands. Instead, maintain a collaborative tone during the discussion.

Take Away

The year 2026 is a golden era for skilled bilingual professionals in Japan. With wage reform momentum continuing, companies are ready to invest in top talent. Whether you are in IT, finance, or management, your JLPT N1 or N2 certification remains a powerful bargaining chip. However, staying informed about the latest benchmarks is the only way to ensure you are not underpaid.

Is your salary keeping up with 2026 benchmarks? Register your CV on Daijob today to see your current market value.

The post 2026 Salary Benchmarks in Japan: Are You Earning a Premium? appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

Imagine carrying just one card for everything in Japan. You use it to prove your visa status, visit the doctor, pay your taxes, and open a bank account. This convenience is coming soon.

You probably already know that the My Number Card has replaced the traditional health insurance card as of late 2024. Now, the government is taking the next massive step: merging the Zairyu Card (Residence Card) into this system. But the Japanese government is moving fast. The “Myna Insurance Card” is already a reality. Next, the Zairyu Card is joining the mix to create a powerful all-in-one ID.

This guide explains the unification of the Zairyu Card and the My Number Card. We tell you what is changing, when it happens, and how it makes your life easier.

What is the Current System?

To understand the future, we must look at where we stand right now. The landscape has shifted significantly in the last year.

1. The Zairyu Card (Residence Card)

The Immigration Services Agency (ISA) issues this card. It proves you live in Japan legally. It lists your name, address, visa type (like “Engineer” or “Student”), and how long you can stay.

The Rule: You must carry this card 24 hours a day. Police can ask to see it at any time.

The Problem: You must go to the Immigration Bureau to update it. This often means long lines and hours of waiting.

2. The My Number Card (and Health Insurance)

The My Number system was originally just for Social Security and taxes. But recently, it became much more important.

The Big Change (Dec 2024): As of December 2, 2024, Japan stopped issuing new paper/plastic health insurance cards. The My Number Card effectively became the standard health insurance card (known as Myna Hokensho).

The Function: You now use this card at hospitals and pharmacies. It links your medical data and insurance status directly to the IC chip.

Currently, you likely carry two cards: the Zairyu Card (for police/visa) and the My Number Card (for doctors/taxes). The government’s new plan will combine these last two into one.

The New Plan: One Card for Everything

The Japanese Diet (parliament) passed a law to modify the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act. The headline news is simple: Japan will create a “Tokutei Zairyu Card” (Specific Residence Card).

This new card will look like a My Number Card but will function as your Zairyu Card.

How Will It Work?

The face of the new card will likely follow the My Number design. However, the IC chip inside will be supercharged. It will hold:

1. Immigration Data: Your visa status and period of stay.
2. Insurance Data: Your Myna Hokensho details.
3. Tax/Social Security Data: Your standard My Number functions.

In the future, this single card will serve as your residence permit, your health insurance, and your tax ID.

Why is Japan Pushing the “My Number” System?

You might wonder why Japan is making this change. The government has three main reasons.

1. Efficiency and Digitalization: Japan is aggressively moving away from paper. By centering everything on the My Number system, administrative tasks become faster. The recent abolition of the paper insurance card was the first major step; the Zairyu card merger is the next.

2. Convenience for Residents Nobody likes waiting at the Immigration Bureau. By linking your visa to your My Number, the government aims to move more procedures online.

3. Better Management The government wants accurate data. Linking health insurance, taxes, and immigration status helps them manage foreign residency smoothly, preventing errors and fraud, such as people using expired insurance cards.

Top Benefits for Foreign Residents

This change brings several advantages to your daily life in Japan.

A True 3-in-1 Wallet Solution

Your wallet gets lighter. The new unified card will act as:

・Zairyu Card (Visa proof).
・Health Insurance Card (Myna Hokensho).
・Tax/Admin ID.
・(Future) Driver’s License (Integration scheduled to start March 2025).

Easier Visa Renewals

Currently, renewing a visa is stressful. You often take a day off work to travel to the immigration office. With the unified system, the goal is to streamline this. Since your data is digital, you may be able to apply for and receive updates online without needing a physical card reprint every single time.

Convenience Store Access

The My Number Card already allows you to print official documents at 7-Eleven, Lawson, or FamilyMart. You can print your Juminhyo (Residence Certificate) instantly. This convenience remains the core of the system.

When Does the Change Happen?

The integration is happening in stages.

・Stage 1 (Completed Dec 2024): Health Insurance Cards are no longer issued. The My Number Card is now the primary insurance card.

・Stage 2 (March 2025): Driver’s License integration is scheduled to begin.

・Stage 3 (June 2026): The Zairyu Card unification is targeted to launch. The government aims to introduce the “Tokutei Zairyu Card” by June 14, 2026.

Note: Timelines can shift. Always check official news sources like the Immigration Services Agency of Japan for the exact dates.

Important: The “My Number” Card Validity Issue

There is one critical detail regarding the My Number Card for foreigners that causes confusion.

The Rule for Expiring Cards: For Japanese citizens, the My Number Card is valid for 10 years; But for foreign residents (mid-to-long term), the My Number Card expires on the same day as your visa. For example, if your visa expires on December 31st, your My Number Card (and thus your health insurance card) also expires on December 31st.

The Risk: If you renew your visa but forget to update your My Number Card at the city hall, the card becomes invalid, and you will be required to pay a fee to issue a new one.

The Solution with Unification: If the cards are the same, extending your visa should automatically extend the validity of the card. This removes the “double trip” to Immigration and City Hall. The government hopes the unified system will fix the problem.

Privacy and Security Concerns

Some people worry about privacy. Is it safe to have your visa, medical info, and taxes all on one card?

1. Lost Cards: If you lose the unified card, you lose your ID, insurance, and visa proof all at once. However, the My Number Card has security features.

・Password Protection: You need a 4-digit PIN for basic use.
・24/7 Support: You can call a hotline to suspend the card immediately if lost.

2. Data Access The chip acts as a key, not a storage folder for everything. The doctor uses the key to see medical data. The immigration officer uses the key to see visa data. The doctor cannot see your tax records, and the tax office cannot see your medical history. The systems remain separated behind the scenes.

How to Prepare: Get Your “My Number” Card Now

Do not wait until 2026. Because paper health insurance cards have already been abolished (for new issuance), you effectively need a My Number Card now to see a doctor easily.

Step 1: Check Your Notification Card

Find the green paper “Notification Card” or the letter with your 12-digit number that you received when you moved to Japan.

Step 2: Apply Online

1. Take a photo of your face (white background).
2. Scan the QR code on your notification letter.
3. Fill in the form on the official website.

Step 3: Pick up the Card

About one month later, you receive a postcard. Take this to your local City Hall (Ward Office) to get your plastic card.

Step 4: Link Your Insurance

Once you have the card, use the card reader at a hospital or the Mynaportal app to register it as your health insurance card (Myna Hokensho). This prepares you for the fully unified future.

External Link: Official My Number Card Application Site

What About Employers?

Companies in Japan must check the Zairyu Card of every foreign employee to prevent illegal labor.

With the new system, employers will need card readers. They will scan your My Number Card to confirm you can work. This is faster and more secure than visually checking a plastic card that could be forged.

If you are a business owner or HR manager, start preparing for this digital shift now.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Here are common questions about the My Number, Health Insurance, and Zairyu Card changes.

Q: Can I still use my old paper health insurance card?

Ans: If you already have a valid paper card, you can use it until it expires (maximum until December 2025). After that, you must use the My Number Card or request a special “Eligibility Certificate” if you don’t have one.

Q: Is the Zairyu Card unification mandatory?

Ans: The government plans to make the unified card the standard. While there may be a transition period starting in 2026, eventually, maintaining separate cards will likely become difficult or impossible for practical daily life.

Q: What if I lose my card? Am I illegal?

Ans: No. Your residency status exists in the government database, not just the plastic card. However, you must report the loss to the police and Immigration immediately to get a replacement, especially since it is your proof of insurance too.

Q: Will the new card show my address?

Ans: Yes. The face of the card shows your name and address. If you move, the city hall prints the new address on the front.

Take Away

Embrace the Digital Shift

Japan is changing. The days of carrying a thick wallet full of different IDs are ending. The unification of the Residence Card, Health Insurance Card, and My Number Card is a huge step toward a modern, efficient society. While the change might feel overwhelming, it offers real value: fewer cards to lose, shorter lines at government offices, and streamlined healthcare access.

Your Action Plan:

1. Get your My Number Card immediately if you haven’t (you need it for the doctor!).
2. Register it as your health insurance card (Myna Hokensho).
3. Watch for updates in 2026 regarding the Zairyu Card merger.

By staying informed and prepared, you can navigate Japan’s digital transformation with confidence. The My Number system is here to stay—make it work for you.

The post Japan ID Unification: Zairyu Card & My Number Merge Explained appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

While April 2025 saw a modest increase in immigration fees, the new proposals for fiscal year 2026 and beyond are far more drastic. For foreign residents, students, and professionals hoping to build a life here, understanding these potential costs is critical for financial planning.

This comprehensive guide breaks down the confirmed current fees, the shocking new proposals, and actionable strategies to minimize the impact on your wallet.

The Breaking News: A Potential 10-Fold Increase

In late November 2025, government sources revealed a plan to drastically revise the fee structure for immigration procedures. The goal is to bring Japan’s fees in line with Western nations like the USA and UK, and to generate revenue for multicultural support programs.

Here is the “sticker shock” that has everyone talking:

• ・Permanent Residency (PR): Currently 8,000 JPY (raised to 10,000 JPY in April 2025), the proposed fee could soar to over 100,000 JPY.
• ・Visa Renewal / Change of Status: Currently 6,000 JPY, this could rise to 30,000 JPY – 40,000 JPY per application.

For a single professional, this is a steep jump. For a family of four renewing their visas together, the cost could skyrocket from roughly 24,000 JPY to a staggering 160,000 JPY.

Current Status: The April 2025 Baseline

To understand the magnitude of the proposed Japan visa price hike, we must look at the current baseline. As of April 1, 2025, the Immigration Services Agency (ISA) implemented a “Tier 1” increase.
Based on the recent government proposals for fiscal year 2026–2027 that have caused the “sticker shock,” here the comparison between old and new estimated fees.

Important: These are proposals currently under consideration to align Japanese fees with Western standards. They are not yet law but represent the government’s planned direction.

Extension of Period of Stay (Visa Renewal)

・Old Fee (Pre-2025): 4,000 JPY
・Current Fee: 6,000 JPY
・Online Application: 5,500 JPY (A 500 yen discount applies for online submissions).
・Proposed Future Fee: 30,000 JPY – 40,000 JPY (Estimated)

Change of Status of Residence

・Scenario: Switching from a Student Visa to a Work Visa, or Engineer to Spouse Visa.
・Current Fee: 6,000 JPY
・Online Application: 5,500 JPY
・Proposed Future Fee: 30,000 JPY – 40,000 JPY (Estimated)

Permanent Residence (永住権)

・Current Fee: 10,000 JPY
・Proposed Future Fee: 100,000 JPY – 300,000 JPY (Estimated)

Note: This fee is only paid if the application is approved. You purchase revenue stamps (shunyu inshi) to pay this.

Re-entry Permits

Single: 4,000 JPY
Multiple: 7,000 JPY
Proposed Future Fee: Not specified in current proposals

Note1: If you have a valid Zairyu Card (Residence Card), you typically use the “Special Re-entry Permit” (Minashi) at the airport for free for trips under one year. You usually do not need to pay this fee unless you plan to be away for more than a year.

Note2: While fees increased slightly in April 2025 (to 4,000 JPY for Single and 7,000 JPY for Multiple), there has been no specific announcement linking re-entry permits to the drastic “10x” price hike proposed for renewals and permanent residency.

Who Will Be Hit Hardest by the Hike?

The proposed Japan visa price hike does not treat everyone equally. Certain groups of foreign residents will feel the financial squeeze more than others.

1. Families with Dependents

Japan charges immigration fees per applicant, not per household.

• ・Scenario: A skilled engineer (primary visa holder) lives with a spouse and two children.
• ・Current Cost: 6,000 JPY x 4 = 24,000 JPY
• ・Proposed Future Cost: 40,000 JPY x 4 = 160,000 JPY This creates a significant barrier for families considering long-term settlement.

1. Short-Term Visa Holders (1-Year Visas)

Immigration grants visa terms of 1, 3, or 5 years at their discretion. If you are stuck in a cycle of receiving 1-year visas, you will have to pay the renewal fee every single year. A 40,000 JPY annual “tax” on your presence is a heavy burden compared to someone who pays it once every five years.

2. Students and Job Seekers

International students often operate on tight budgets. A jump from 6,000 JPY to 40,000 JPY for a visa renewal or change of status (e.g., Student to Designated Activities for job hunting) is a major financial hurdle.

Why is Japan Visa Prices Raising?

The government has cited three main reasons for this aggressive Japan visa price hike:

Global Alignment:

Japanese officials argue that their fees have historically been too low. For comparison, a US work visa application can cost upwards of $460 (approx. 70,000 JPY), and UK fees can exceed £700. Japan wants to match these “global standards.”

Funding Support Infrastructure

As the foreign population grows, Japan needs more resources for “multicultural coexistence.” The extra revenue is intended to fund language support services, consultation centers at municipalities, and improved administrative systems.

Covering Administrative Costs

The complexity of screening has increased. With stricter checks to prevent illegal overstays and abuse of the system, the operational cost per application has risen.

Strategic Moves: How to Save Money

While you cannot change the law, you can strategize to minimize the impact of the Japan visa price hike.

1. Apply Online (MynaPortal)

The Japanese government strongly encourages online applications. Currently, applying online offers a modest 500 JPY discount. However, moving forward, it is possible that the “counter fee” (in-person) will see a sharper hike than the online fee.

• Requirement: You need a My Number Card and an IC card reader (or NFC-capable smartphone).

2. Aim for the 3 or 5-Year Visa

The best way to avoid renewal fees is to renew less often. While the duration is ultimately up to the immigration officer, you can improve your chances by:

• ・Stable Employment: Staying with the same company for a longer period shows stability.
• ・Good Conduct: Paying taxes and pension (年金) on time is the #1 factor for longer visas.
• ・Clear Application: Ensure your application documents are perfect and highlight your desire for long-term stability

3. Negotiate with Your Employer

In many Western countries, the employer pays for visa fees. In Japan, it is often the employee’s responsibility.

• Tip: If you are negotiating a job offer or a renewal of your contract, ask for “Visa Renewal Support” to be included. With fees potentially rising to 40,000 JPY, this is now a significant benefit worth negotiating for.

4. Apply for Permanent Residency (PR) NOW

If you are eligible for PR (typically 10 years residence, or 1-3 years via the HSP points system), apply immediately.

• The Urgency: The fee is currently 10,000 JPY. If the proposal passes, it could become 100,000 JPY. Even if the processing takes a year, locking in your application now is the safest bet.

Common Confusions: Visa vs. Status of Residence

For new arrivals, the terminology can be confusing.

• ・Visa (Entry Permit): Issued by the Embassy outside Japan. This allows you to enter. Fees for this are also rising (projected to increase in 2026), but usually paid once.
• ・Status of Residence (Zairyu Shikaku): This is what you hold inside Japan. Renewing this (often called “visa renewal” colloquially) is where the recurring 6,000 JPY (future 40,000 JPY) fee applies.

Note on Certificate of Eligibility (COE):

Currently, applying for a COE is free in Japan. There has been no announcement yet regarding a fee for COE issuance, but keep an eye on this space. If the goal is revenue, this could be a future target.

Take Away

Preparation is Key!

The era of cheap administrative fees in Japan is ending. The Japan visa price hike signals a shift in how the country manages its growing foreign workforce. While the costs are rising, Japan remains a land of immense opportunity. By staying informed and planning ahead—applying for PR early, keeping your tax records spotless to earn longer visa terms, and negotiating with employers—you can weather these changes. Don’t let the sticker shock derail your plans. The Japanese market is still hungry for talent. Stay ahead of the curve, and ensure your paperwork is ready before the next fiscal year begins.

Useful Resources

• Immigration Services Agency of Japan (ISA): Official Procedures & Fees
• Japan Visa Information Hotline: Available for general inquiries regarding visa applications.
• MynaPortal (Online Immigration Services): Apply Online Here

The post The Big News: Japan Visa Massive Price Hike Alert appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

This comprehensive guide defines key types of workplace harassment in Japan, details the legal protections, and provides actionable advice for addressing these difficult situations.

Defining Workplace Harassment in Japan

In Japan, the term “harassment” is broadly defined. The government has established specific legal definitions, particularly under the Act on Comprehensive Promotion of Labor Policies (often referenced for the Power Harassment Prevention Law). Understanding these definitions helps you identify unacceptable behavior.

1. Power Harassment (Pawahara – パワハラ)

Power harassment is arguably the most common and legally focused type of workplace harassment in Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) defines power harassment as actions that satisfy all three of the following conditions:

・Action based on a superior bargaining position:

This does not strictly mean a hierarchical boss-subordinate relationship. It includes anyone who, through their relationship, holds a superior position, such as a senior colleague or a long-term contract worker over a temporary one.

・Action exceeds the necessary and appropriate scope of business:

The action is not needed for the proper execution of work. It is excessive or unreasonable in nature.

・Action harms the working environment:

The action causes emotional or physical distress to the employee, negatively affecting their ability to work.

Power harassment encompasses several specific behavioral categories:
・Physical Attack: Violence or physical assault.
・Mental Attack: Intimidation, verbal abuse, or constant harsh criticism.
・Isolation (Human Relations): Intentional exclusion from group activities, meetings, or social gatherings.
・Overwork/Excessive Demands: Assigning tasks far beyond one’s ability or experience, or imposing unrealistic deadlines repeatedly.
・Underwork/Lowering Demands: Assigning no tasks, assigning trivial work, or demanding withdrawal from work.
・Privacy Invasion: Unwarranted prying into personal life, such as repeatedly questioning private matters.

2. Sexual Harassment (Sekuhara – セクハラ)

Sexual harassment in Japan is defined as unwanted sexual language or behavior in the workplace that creates an adverse working environment or results in detrimental consequences to the employee’s job status.

・Quid Pro Quo Harassment: Directly or indirectly demanding sexual favors in exchange for job benefits, promotions, or avoiding negative treatment.

・Hostile Work Environment Harassment: Creating an offensive or intimidating work environment through sexual jokes, comments, displaying explicit materials, or unwanted physical contact.

3. Maternity Harassment (Matahara – マタハラ)

Maternity harassment refers to negative treatment, dismissal, or demotion directed at employees due to pregnancy, childbirth, or applying for/taking parental leave. This form of workplace harassment in Japan is specifically protected under labor laws.

4. Caregiver Harassment (Karahara – ケアハラ)

Similar to maternity harassment, caregiver harassment involves negative treatment towards employees who need to take or request time off to care for elderly or sick family members (Kaigo Leave).

The Legal Framework: Your Rights Against Workplace Harassment

Japan has strengthened its laws concerning workplace harassment, placing mandatory duties on employers.

1. The Power Harassment Prevention Law in Japan (2020/2022)

The revisions to the Act on Comprehensive Promotion of Labor Policies introduced specific measures against power harassment.

・Employer Duty: Companies must establish consultation services, implement measures to prevent harassment, and handle complaints appropriately. This is legally mandated for all companies, regardless of size.

・Confidentiality: Companies must ensure the confidentiality of all parties involved in a harassment complaint.

・No Retaliation: Employers must ensure that employees who report harassment are not subjected to disadvantageous treatment (retaliation).

2. Labor Standards Act and Equal Employment Opportunity Law

These foundational laws offer broad protections:

・Labor Standards Act (LSA): Provides general protection regarding fair working conditions and prohibits discrimination based on gender or social status.

・Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL): Specifically obligates employers to take measures to prevent sexual harassment and maternity harassment. It ensures equal treatment in hiring, job assignment, promotion, and dismissal, regardless of gender.

3. Civil Law Suits

Employees can pursue civil litigation for damages (compensation) if they suffer emotional distress or economic loss due to workplace harassment in Japan. This is often pursued when internal company mechanisms fail or when seeking substantial compensation.

・External Resource: For definitive information on Japanese labor laws and harassment prevention duties, refer directly to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) website.

Why Foreign Professionals Face Unique Challenges in Japan

Foreign professionals often face additional hurdles when dealing with workplace harassment in Japan:

・Language Barrier: Describing nuanced harassment in Japanese (especially subtle pawahara) proves difficult. Understanding company procedures and legal advice in a second language also poses a major obstacle.

・Cultural Misinterpretation: Actions perceived as harassment might be dismissed by an employee as “just Japanese work culture.” For example, excessive criticism might be viewed as strict instruction, even if it crosses the line.

・Fear of Visa Impact: Employees worry that reporting harassment might jeopardize their visa status or future job prospects, especially if dependent on their employer for visa sponsorship.

・Lack of Familiarity with Internal Systems: Foreign staff may not know who to talk to, which department handles complaints, or what formal internal procedures exist.

・Isolation: Foreign employees sometimes lack a strong internal support network, making them more vulnerable to targeted isolation (one type of pawahara).

Actionable Steps: How to Respond to Workplace Harassment in Japan

If you experience or witness workplace harassment, taking methodical steps is essential for your safety and for building a strong case.

1. Document Everything Immediately

・Create a Log: Immediately start a detailed, private log (off the company network). Record the date, time, location, witnesses, exact words used, and how the incident made you feel.

・Gather Evidence: Save any relevant emails, chat messages (LINE, Slack, etc.), or documents. If the harassment is verbal, write down the quotes exactly as you remember them.

・Note Context: Describe the relationship between you and the harasser and whether the action was necessary for the job. This helps satisfy the legal definition of pawahara.

2. Seek Advice and Support

Internal Channels: Identify your company’s designated consultation desk (相談窓口 – sōdan madoguchi). Japanese companies are legally required to provide this. Use this internal resource first if you feel safe doing so.

・External Support: If internal routes are unsafe or ineffective, contact external labor consultation services.

・Labor Bureaus (Rōdōkyoku – 労働局): These government offices offer free consultation services for labor disputes and harassment complaints. They provide mediation and advice.

• Hello Work (Hellowāku – ハローワーク): While primarily for job placement, they can often direct you to relevant labor resources.
• Foreign Labor Resource Centers: Some cities have dedicated centers offering multilingual support for foreign workers.

3. Communicate Clearly (If Safe)

If the harassment is not severe and you feel comfortable, address the behavior directly but respectfully.

・Set Boundaries: State clearly that the behavior makes you uncomfortable and ask them to stop. For example, “その言い方は私には少しきついです。やめていただけますか？” (Sono iikata wa watashi ni wa sukoshi kitsui desu. Yamete itadakemasu ka? – “That way of speaking is a bit harsh for me. Could you please stop?”)

・Focus on Behavior, Not Intent: Focus your complaint on the specific action or words, rather than accusing the person’s character.

4. Formal Reporting and Resolution

・Formal Complaint: File a formal written complaint following your company’s established anti-harassment policy.

・Mediation: If the company fails to resolve the issue, the Labor Bureau can provide mediation services (あっせん – assen) to help resolve the dispute between you and the company.

・Legal Counsel: For complex or severe cases, consult a labor lawyer (弁護士 – bengoshi) or a registered social insurance labor consultant (社会保険労務士 – shakai hoken rōmushi) specializing in labor disputes. They offer expert guidance on civil litigation and compliance.

Creating a Proactive Defense Against Harassment

While no one can guarantee zero harassment, proactively understanding the Japanese work environment helps you manage expectations and avoid difficult situations.

・Learn Business Japanese (BJT): Improving your Business Japanese language skills (often assessed by the Business Japanese Test – BJT) dramatically reduces miscommunication and helps you understand subtle workplace dynamics.
Here is a compilation of articles regarding Business Japanese.

・Observe Workplace Norms: Pay attention to how colleagues interact with each other and with superiors. Understand the typical level of formality and communication style in your office.

・Build Relationships: Developing professional relationships based on trust and mutual respect can often act as a buffer against isolation and unnecessary conflict.

・Know Your Company Policy: Read the company’s employee handbook (就業規則 – shūgyō kisoku) or harassment policy. Knowing the official procedure gives you a clear roadmap if an incident occurs.

Take Away

Understanding the definition and legal landscape of workplace harassment empowers you to protect your rights. Japan’s labor laws offer significant protections, but proactive documentation and knowledge of local resources are your most valuable tools.

If you encounter harassment, remember that you do not have to endure it silently. Seek advice, document every incident, and utilize the official channels designed to support workers. By staying informed and taking decisive action, you ensure a fairer, safer, and more successful professional career while working in Japan.

The post Workplace Harassment in Japan appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

Understanding Standard Work Hours in Japan

Most companies in Japan follow a standard 8-hour workday, excluding breaks. The typical work week is five days, adding up to 40 hours. This aligns with legal requirements, but how these hours are actually spent and perceived can vary significantly.

Typical Start and End Times

While there’s no universal rule, many offices start between 9:00 AM and 9:30 AM and finish between 5:00 PM and 6:00 PM. However, these are just starting points for understanding Japan’s work schedule.

Flex-Time and Remote Work

More companies now offer flexible work hours in Japan (フレックスタイム制 – Flex-Time Sei) and remote work options, especially after recent global shifts. This provides some employees with more control over their daily schedule. Always confirm your specific company’s policies on flexible working arrangements in Japan.

Legal Requirements for Work Hours: What You Need to Know

Japan has clear labor laws designed to protect employees. Understanding these regulations is vital for foreign workers.

Maximum Legal Work Hours:

The Labor Standards Act generally sets a maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week for regular work. Any time worked beyond these limits is considered overtime in Japan.

Overtime Regulations and Pay

If your employer asks you to work beyond standard hours, they must pay overtime wages.

• ・Normal Overtime: Typically 25% extra for hours exceeding the legal limit.
• ・Late-Night Overtime: An additional 25% (total 50%) for work between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM.
• ・Holiday Work: Often 35% extra for work on statutory holidays.

Many companies require employees to sign a 36 Agreement (Saburoku Kyoutei – 36協定) to allow for legal overtime. This agreement sets the limits for overtime hours. It’s important to understand your rights regarding overtime pay in Japan. You can find more details on Japanese labor laws from resources like the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (JILPT).

Breaks in Japan: Your Right to Rest

Taking proper breaks is not just good for your well-being; it’s a legal requirement in Japan.

Mandatory Break Times

The Labor Standards Act mandates specific break times in Japan:

• ・6-8 hours of work: At least 45 minutes of break.
• ・Over 8 hours of work: At least 1 hour of break.

These breaks are usually unpaid and can often be split. For example, a 1-hour lunch break is common. Your company should clearly outline its meal and rest break policies.

Lunch Breaks (Hiruyasumi – 昼休み)

Lunch is typically taken between 12:00 PM and 1:00 PM. Many employees eat at their desks, in company cafeterias, or at nearby restaurants. It is common for colleagues to eat together, but it is not always mandatory. Using your lunch break to run errands or get fresh air is perfectly acceptable.

Short Breaks

Beyond the main lunch break, some companies offer shorter, informal breaks. These might include quick coffee breaks or brief stretches. These short breaks are often not legally mandated but are part of the workplace culture.

Understanding Overtime Culture (Zangyo – 残業)

Overtime in Japan (残業 – Zangyo) is a widely discussed topic. While laws exist to regulate it, the cultural aspects can be complex.

The Reality of Zangyo

Historically, working long hours was seen as a sign of dedication. While this perception is changing, some workplaces still expect employees to stay beyond official hours, even if there isn’t urgent work. This can be especially true if superiors are still working. This unwritten rule is a significant part of Japanese workplace culture.

Strategies for Managing Zangyo

• ・Observe and Adapt: Pay attention to your colleagues’ habits. Do people leave promptly at the end of the day, or do they stay later?
• ・Manage Expectations: Have open conversations with your manager about workload and deadlines. If you foresee excessive overtime, raise it early.
• ・Prioritize Tasks: Efficiently manage your tasks to minimize the need for unnecessary overtime.
• ・Use Your Paid Leave: Don’t hesitate to use your paid holidays in Japan. Taking time off is crucial for preventing burnout.
• ・Seek Clarification: If you are unsure why you need to stay late, politely ask your manager for clarification on the tasks that require extra time.

Recent government initiatives aim to reduce excessive overtime and promote healthier work-life balance. Many companies are now more actively discouraging long hours.

Holidays and Leave in Japan: Taking Time Off

Understanding different types of leave is essential for managing your work-life balance in Japan.

Paid Annual Leave (Yukyu Kyuka – 有給休暇)

All employees are entitled to paid annual leave. After six months of continuous employment, you typically get 10 days. This increases with years of service.

• ・Using Yukyu: It is your legal right to take paid leave in Japan. However, some employees may feel hesitant due to perceived pressure or workload. It is becoming more common and encouraged to take your full entitlement.
• ・Scheduled Leave: Some companies may designate certain days for all employees to take leave (計画的付与 – Keikakuteki Fuyo), ensuring everyone gets a break.

Public Holidays (Shukujitsu – 祝日)

Japan has numerous national holidays. When a public holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday usually becomes a holiday (振替休日 – Furikae Kyujitsu). These offer great opportunities for travel or rest.

Special Leave

Beyond annual leave, companies may offer other types of leave, such as:

• ・Sick Leave (Byōkyū – 病欠): While not legally mandated as paid leave, many companies offer paid sick leave as part of their benefits.
• ・Maternity/Paternity Leave: Japan has strong legal protections for maternity leave (産前産後休業 – Sanzen Sango Kyugyo) and paternity leave (育児休業 – Ikuji Kyugyo).
• ・Bereavement Leave (Koden Kyuka – 忌引休暇): For family losses.

Always check your company’s specific policies in your employment contract or employee handbook regarding leave policies in Japan.

Work-Life Balance in Japan: A Shifting Landscape

Historically, work-life balance in Japan has been a challenge due to the culture of long hours. However, a significant shift is underway.

Government Initiatives

The Japanese government actively promotes work style reform (働き方改革 – Hatarakikata Kaikaku). This includes:

• ・Capping Overtime: Legal limits on overtime hours, with penalties for non-compliance.
• ・Promoting Paid Leave Usage: Encouraging employees to take their full annual leave.
• ・Flexible Work Arrangements: Supporting remote work and flextime.

Company Efforts

Many progressive companies are adopting these reforms, recognizing that a better work-life balance leads to increased productivity and employee satisfaction. They implement initiatives like:

• ・”No Overtime Days”: Designating specific days where no overtime is permitted.
• ・Early Closing Policies: Encouraging everyone to leave on time.
• ・Health and Wellness Programs: Supporting employee well-being.

As a foreign professional, look for companies that prioritize these reforms. This will greatly impact your overall quality of life working in Japan.

Finding a Company with a Good Work-Life Balance

When searching for jobs, actively seek companies that prioritize employee well-being and a healthy work-life balance.

• ・Research Company Culture: Look for reviews on sites like Glassdoor or ask during interviews about typical work hours and overtime policies.
• ・Ask Direct Questions: During interviews, inquire about the average workday, overtime expectations, and the company’s approach to using paid leave.
• ・Observe During Office Visits: If possible, observe the office environment. Do people seem stressed? Are desks empty right at closing time?
• ・Network: Talk to other foreign professionals working in Japan to get their insights on various companies’ work cultures.

Understanding and actively seeking companies that align with your desired work-life balance is key to a fulfilling career in Japan.

Remote work trends in Japan have been on the rise in recent years, reflecting a global shift towards more flexible work arrangements. Read this article for more insights:
Work from Home: A Guide for Foreign Job Seekers Looking for Work-Life Balance in Japan

Take Away

Navigating work hours and breaks in Japan successfully requires cultural awareness and a clear understanding of legal requirements.

• ・Know Your Rights: Be familiar with the Labor Standards Act regarding maximum working hours in Japan and break times.
• ・Observe and Adapt: Understand the unwritten rules of your specific workplace regarding overtime and leaving times.
• ・Communicate Clearly: Don’t hesitate to discuss workload and boundaries with your manager.
• ・Utilize Your Leave: Make sure to take your paid holidays and other eligible leave for rest and rejuvenation.
• ・Prioritize Well-being: Actively seek a company culture that supports a healthy work-life balance.

By understanding these aspects, foreign professionals can thrive in the Japanese workplace, enjoying a productive career and a fulfilling life. For further resources, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) provides official information on labor laws and work-life balance initiatives.

The post Work Hours and Breaks in Japan appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

The moment you receive official notification of a layoff or termination of employment can feel overwhelming, particularly for foreign residents in Japan. While our previous articles explored the general landscape of layoffs and Japan, including the shifting trends at major companies like Panasonic, and how to recognize potential signs of job loss in Japan, this guide focuses on the immediate aftermath. If you find yourself in the difficult situation of losing a job in Japan, understanding your legal rights, the necessary procedures, required documents, and implications for your taxes, insurance, pension, and most critically, your visa, is paramount. This knowledge will empower you to navigate the process effectively and protect your interests during this challenging period.

Immediate Steps: What to Do When Officially Notified of a Layoff

When your company informs you about your loss of employment, try to remain calm. Gather as much information as possible.

Confirm the Reason for Termination

Ask for a clear, written explanation of the reason for your layoff or getting fired. This is crucial for understanding your rights and for any potential challenges later.

Clarify Your Last Day

Confirm your official last day of employment. This impacts notice periods and benefit eligibility.

Understand Severance and Benefits

Inquire about any severance pay you will receive (taishokukin), how it’s calculated, and when you can expect it. Also, ask about any unused paid leave and how it will be compensated.

Request Necessary Documents

Ensure you get all required documents from your employer promptly. These are vital for your next steps.

Your Legal Rights When Facing a Layoff in Japan

Japanese labor law offers significant protections against arbitrary termination of employment. Even in a layoff situation, your employer must adhere to strict rules

Abuse of the Right to Dismissal (解雇権濫用法理 – Kaikoken Ran’yo Hori)

This fundamental legal principle means an employer cannot simply terminate an employee without objectively reasonable grounds and societal acceptance. This applies even in cases of economic layoff. The burden of proof to show the dismissal’s legitimacy lies with the employer. If you believe your getting fired is unfair, you have strong grounds to challenge it.

Notice Period or Substitute Payment

The Labor Standards Act (Article 20) requires employers to give you at least 30 days’ advance notice before termination of employment. If they do not provide this notice period, they must pay you at least 30 days’ worth of average wages as “dismissal advance notice allowance” (kaiko yokoku teate). This payment is mandatory regardless of the reason for your loss of employment.

Severance Pay (Taishokukin)

While not legally mandated for all terminations, many companies in Japan have internal rules or collective bargaining agreements that stipulate severance pay. This amount often depends on your years of service and salary. Confirm if your company has such a system and how your severance is calculated. If you are offered a “voluntary resignation” package in exchange for a slightly higher severance during a restructuring, carefully evaluate if this is more beneficial than fighting an involuntary layoff.

Right to a Certificate of Employment (Rishokuhyou – 離職票)

This document is critically important. Your employer must provide you with this “Separation Notice,” which details your employment period, wages, and reason for leaving. You need this to apply for unemployment benefits.

What Happens to Remaining Paid Holidays?

When you experience a loss of employment, your remaining unused paid holidays (nenkyū – 年休) are typically compensated.

・Cash-Out: It is common practice for companies to pay out your unused paid leave days as part of your final paycheck. This means the company calculates the monetary value of your remaining leave and adds it to your last salary payment.

・Company Policy: While it is a common practice, the exact handling can sometimes depend on the company’s internal rules and the specifics of your termination of employment. Confirm with your HR department how your unused paid leave will be handled. You should ask about this during your final discussions with HR.

Right to Challenge Unfair Dismissal

If you feel your layoff is unjust or does not meet the legal criteria, you can challenge it. The primary avenues include:

・Labor Tribunals (労働審判 – Rōdō Shinpan)

A relatively fast and informal process mediated by a judge and labor experts. This aims for a quick resolution.

・Civil Court (民事訴訟 – Minji Soshō)

A more formal legal proceeding.

・For advice, contact the Japan Legal Support Center (Houterasu) for initial consultations. They offer services in multiple languages and can guide you to specialist lawyers.

Must-Receive Documents and Checks After a Layoff in Japan

Ensure you obtain the following essential documents and confirm certain payments:

・Separation Notice (Rishokuhyou – 離職票): As mentioned, this is crucial for unemployment benefits. Get two copies if possible.

・Certificate of Earnings Withheld (Gensen Choshuhyo – 源泉徴収票): This summarizes your annual income and withheld taxes. You will need it for tax filing.

・Final Paycheck: Confirm you receive all outstanding wages, unused paid leave compensation, and any dismissal advance notice allowance.

・Pension Handbook (Nenkin Techo – 年金手帳) or Basic Pension Number: You will need this for your pension procedures.

・Health Insurance Card: You must return your company-issued health insurance card (if applicable) and then arrange for new health insurance.

Navigating Taxes, Insurance, and Pension During Unemployment in Japan

Losing a job in Japan significantly impacts your social security obligations. You must take immediate action to avoid penalties or gaps in coverage.

Unemployment Benefits (Shitsugyo Hoken – 失業保険)

Eligibility

Generally, you must have been insured under Employment Insurance (Koyo Hoken) for at least 6 to 12 months (depending on the reason for loss of employment) within the last year or two before getting fired.

Application

Go to your local Hello Work (Public Employment Security Office). Bring your Rishokuhyou, Residence Card, My Number card, and bankbook. You must prove you are actively looking for a new job.

Waiting Period

There’s usually a 7-day waiting period. If you were dismissed for “company convenience” (e.g., a layoff due to restructuring), benefits usually start shortly after this. If you quit voluntarily, there’s often a 2-3 month self-imposed waiting period.

Benefit Amount and Duration

Payments are a percentage of your previous salary (typically 50-80%) and depend on your age, length of employment insurance contribution, and reason for loss of employment. The duration varies from 90 to 360 days.

Health Insurance

Employee’s Health Insurance (健康保険 – Kenkō Hoken): Your company health insurance ends on your last day of employment. You have a few options:

Continue with former company’s plan (任意継続健康保険 – Nin’i Keizoku Kenkō Hoken)

You can continue for up to two years, but you pay the full premium (employer’s share + employee’s share). You must apply within 20 days of termination.

Enroll in National Health Insurance (国民健康保険 – Kokumin Kenkō Hoken)

This is the default for unemployed individuals. Enroll at your local municipal office. Premiums are based on your previous year’s income and number of dependents.

Join a dependent’s plan

If your spouse has company health insurance, you might join their plan as a dependent if you meet income criteria.

Pension (年金 – Nenkin)

Employee’s Pension Insurance (厚生年金 – Kōsei Nenkin)

Your contributions typically stop on your last day of employment.

National Pension (国民年金 – Kokumin Nenkin)

You must enroll in the National Pension system at your local municipal office if you are not covered by Employee’s Pension Insurance or a dependent’s plan.

Exemption/Reduction

If your income is low or you are unemployed, you can apply for an exemption or reduction in National Pension contributions. This is important to ensure your pension record continues without gaps.

Taxes

Income Tax

Your final paycheck will include a year-end adjustment (if applicable). You may need to file a final tax return (kakutei shinkoku) if you have other income or if your employer did not complete the adjustment. Unemployment benefits are generally non-taxable income.

Resident Tax (住民税 – Jūminzei)

This tax is based on your previous year’s income. You are liable for it even if you are currently unemployed. Your final paycheck might deduct remaining amounts, or your municipality will send you payment slips for direct payment.

What Happens If You Fail to pay

Neglecting your obligations regarding taxes, health insurance, and pension during or after losing a job in Japan can lead to significant problems, including penalties and future difficulties.

Remaining Income Tax

Your employer typically handles your income tax deductions. When you experience a loss of employment, your final paycheck will include a year-end adjustment (nenmatsu chosei) if you are laid off late in the year. However, if you are laid off earlier and do not find another job for the rest of the year, you will need to file a final tax return (kakutei shinkoku) yourself. Failing to file could lead to late payment penalties or audits from the tax authorities. While unemployment benefits themselves are generally non-taxable, any severance pay you receive is taxable and needs to be reported.

Health Insurance Premiums

Your company’s health insurance coverage ends on your last day. You must transition to either National Health Insurance (Kokumin Kenkō Hoken) or continue your company’s plan voluntarily (Nin’i Keizoku Kenkō Hoken). If you fail to enroll in a new health insurance plan, you will not have coverage for medical expenses, and any doctor visits or hospital stays will be entirely out-of-pocket. Furthermore, the municipality can issue demands for unpaid premiums of National Health Insurance, and persistent failure to pay can lead to asset seizure.

Pension Contributions

Your contributions to Employee’s Pension Insurance (Kōsei Nenkin) stop when your employment ends. You then become obligated to contribute to the National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin) unless you join a dependent’s plan. Failing to make National Pension contributions can result in significant negative consequences for your future retirement. You might not receive a full pension, or even any pension at all. The Japan Pension Service can also pursue unpaid contributions, potentially leading to forced collection. It is vital to apply for an exemption or reduction if your income is low or you are unemployed, rather than simply not paying.

Resident Tax

This tax is based on your income from the previous year. Therefore, even if you are unemployed, you are still liable for resident tax based on the income you earned before your layoff. Your company might deduct any remaining resident tax from your final paycheck. Otherwise, your local municipal office will send you payment slips, usually for quarterly payments. Failing to pay resident tax can lead to penalties, interest, and even legal action by your local government.

Effect on Visa Status for Foreigners in Japan

For foreign residents, losing a job in Japan has significant implications for your visa status. This is one of the most critical aspects to manage.

Notification to Immigration

You must notify the Immigration Services Agency of Japan within 14 days of your loss of employment (or change of company, or contract termination). This is a legal requirement. You can usually do this online or by mail. Failure to do so can negatively impact future visa renewals or applications.

Failing to Notify Immigration When Your Employment Ends

Failure to notify immigration can lead to penalties, including fines, or even rejection of future visa renewal applications. It can also be considered a breach of your visa conditions, potentially leading to a shorter visa duration upon renewal or, in severe cases, visa cancellation. This is especially critical if you are then seeking new employment in Japan and need to apply for a new visa or a visa extension. The immigration authorities review your compliance history when assessing your application.

Remaining Visa Validity

Your work visa does not automatically become invalid the moment you are laid off. You can generally stay in Japan for the remaining validity period of your current visa, provided you are actively seeking new employment.

Three-Month Rule

However, immigration authorities expect you to engage in activities consistent with your visa status (i.e., actively job hunting within your visa category) and generally require you to find new employment within three consecutive months of losing a job in Japan. If you don’t, your visa could be subject to cancellation.

Changing Visa Status (Designated Activities Visa for Job Hunting)

If your current work visa is expiring soon, or if you anticipate needing more time to find a suitable job, you can apply for a “Designated Activities (Job-Seeking)” visa (Tokutei Katsudō 9-gō Visa – 特定活動9号ビザ). This visa typically grants you up to 6 months to conduct job-hunting activities. You will need to demonstrate you are actively looking for work (e.g., Hello Work registration, interview records).

Job Category Consistency

When finding a new job, try to secure a position that aligns with your current visa category. If your new role falls under a completely different category, you will need to apply for a “Change of Status of Residence.” Consult an immigration lawyer or administrative scrivener (gyoseishoshi) for complex cases.

Other Must-Know Things After a Layoff in Japan

Job Search

Immediately register with Hello Work. They offer job matching services and various support programs. Utilize online job boards, recruitment agencies specializing in foreign talent, and professional networking.

Resume and Interview Preparation

Update your Japanese-style resume (rirekisho and shokumu keirekisho). Prepare for interviews, remembering Japanese business etiquette and communication styles.

Learn how to create an impact worthy resume, which will be the first point of contact between you and the company!
Ace job interviews with this guide

Mental and Emotional Well-being

Losing a job in Japan can be emotionally taxing. Seek support from friends, family, or professional counseling services if needed. Maintain a routine and focus on self-care.

Take Away

Facing a layoff or loss of employment in Japan requires a clear understanding of legal procedures and proactive steps. By immediately addressing necessary documentation, managing your social security obligations, understanding your visa implications, and actively engaging in your job search, you can navigate this challenging period effectively. Remember your rights and do not hesitate to seek professional legal or administrative advice. This structured approach will empower you to transition smoothly and secure your next opportunity in Japan.

The post Layoff in Japan: Your Post-Layoff Action Plan appeared first on Expat Career Guide.

Recognizing the Signs: How to Guess a Potential Layoff in Japan

Subtle shifts within your company can act as early warning signals that layoffs might be on the horizon. Spotting these signs early on can provide you with crucial time to prepare and take proactive steps.

Company-Wide Cost-Cutting: The Austerity Measures

Hiring Freezes: A sudden halt to recruitment, especially for non-critical roles, may suggest that the company is trying to control its payroll expenses.

Restrictions on Travel and Entertainment: Check if business trips are being cut back, and budgets for client entertainment or team-building activities are slashed. Tt may indicate a tightening of the purse strings.

Budget Reductions Across Departments: Inquire carefully within your team and other departments about budget cuts for projects, resources, or operational expenses. Significant reductions can point towards a broader effort to reduce spending.

Postponement of Investments: Check if there are delays or cancellations of planned investments in new equipment, technology upgrades, or expansion projects. This may signal financial uncertainty.

Increased inspections of Expenses: Do you notice that even minor expenses are being heavily controlled? Or approvals are becoming more difficult to get? That can be an indicator of increased focus on cost control.

Restructuring Announcements: Shaking Up the Foundation

Organizational restructuring, mergers, or acquisitions are often trigger workforce adjustments. Companies aim to make their processes smoother, remove extra work, and gain benefits by combining efforts.

Internal Communications: Pay close attention to company-wide announcements. Are there any announcements regarding changes in organizational structure, reporting lines, or departmental responsibilities? These shifts can lead to role eliminations.

Department Mergers or Consolidations: Make sure if your department is going to merge with another, or if teams are going to be consolidated. It could mean that some positions will become redundant.

Divestitures or Spin-offs: Is the company planning to sell off or spin off certain business units? The employees within those units may face a loss of employment!

Changes in Leadership Structure: Significant changes at the executive level can sometimes precede broader organizational changes. This may lead to staff reductions.

Poor Company Performance

Consistently negative financial indicators are a strong predictor of potential layoffs. Remember, companies seek to improve profitability.

Public Financial Reports: If your company is publicly traded, monitor its quarterly and annual financial reports for declining revenues, profits, or market share.

Internal Performance Updates: Pay attention to internal communications or meetings where company performance is discussed. Negative trends or failure to meet targets can be concerning.

Stock Price Decline: A significant and sustained drop in the company’s stock price can reflect investor concern about the company’s financial health. Better to keep an eye on those!

Changes in Management or Strategy

New leadership often brings a new strategic vision. That could result in a reassessment of the existing workforce and skill sets required.

New CEO or Senior Executives: The appointment of new top-level executives can signal a change in direction that might lead to organizational restructuring and staff changes.

Shift in Business Focus: If the company announces a significant shift in its core business strategy or target markets, certain roles may become less critical.

Implementation of New Technologies: The adoption of automation or artificial intelligence could lead to the elimination of roles involving repetitive tasks.

Increased Anxiety Among Colleagues

While rumors should be treated with caution, a noticeable increase in anxiety, hushed conversations, and speculation among your colleagues can be a sign that something is amiss.

Observe Team Morale: A decline in overall team morale and engagement can reflect underlying concerns about job security.

Listen to Informal Discussions: Pay attention to conversations among colleagues, especially those who have been with the company longer or have better internal connections.

Social Media and Professional Networks: Be aware of any unusual activity or posts from colleagues on professional networking sites that might hint at job insecurity.

Sudden Changes in Your Role

If your day-to-day work experiences a significant and unexplained shift, it could be a red flag.

Reduction in Responsibilities: If key tasks or projects are taken away from you and reassigned to others without a clear explanation.

Exclusion from Important Meetings: Being suddenly excluded from meetings you previously attended, especially those related to strategic planning or key projects.

Reassignment to Less Critical Tasks: Being moved to tasks that seem less important or strategic for the company’s core business.

Lack of New Assignments or Projects: A sudden slowdown in your workload or a lack of new responsibilities being assigned to you.

Infrequent Communication with Management: A noticeable decrease in communication or feedback from your manager.

By being attentive to these subtle yet potentially significant signs, you can increase your awareness of a possible layoff situation and begin to prepare accordingly. Remember that observing one or two of these signs doesn’t definitively mean a layoff is imminent, but a confluence of several should warrant closer attention and proactive preparation.

Proceeding with Caution: How to Approach the Situation in Japan

If you suspect a potential layoff, it’s essential to tread carefully. Directly confronting your manager without concrete evidence can be risky. Consider these steps:

Informal Networking: Discreetly talk to trusted colleagues or mentors within the company. They might have insights or a better understanding of the situation.

Careful Inquiries: During appropriate opportunities, such as performance reviews or team meetings, you can ask general questions about the company’s future direction and stability. Frame your questions constructively.

Consult External Resources (Before Confronting): Before directly confronting your employer, consider seeking advice from labor unions or legal professionals specializing in employment law in Japan. They can provide guidance on your rights and the best course of action. You can find resources at the Japan Legal Support Center (Houterasu).

Strategies to Potentially Persuade Your Company to Keep You in Japan

While the decision to implement layoffs is ultimately the employer’s, there are steps you might consider to demonstrate your value and potentially influence their decision regarding your loss of employment:

Reiterate Your Value and Contributions: Clearly and concisely remind your manager of your key achievements, positive impact on the team or company, and any unique skills or expertise you bring. Provide specific examples and quantifiable results whenever possible.

Express Your Commitment and Adaptability: Show your willingness to adapt to changing company needs. Offer to take on new responsibilities, learn new skills, or contribute in different ways to support the company’s goals.

Proactively Seek Internal Transfer Opportunities: If you become aware of potential layoffs in your department, explore possibilities for transferring to other teams or roles within the organization where your skills might be needed. Express your interest to your manager and HR.

Be Open to Negotiation (If Appropriate): Depending on the situation and your relationship with the company, you might consider negotiating alternative arrangements, such as a temporary reduction in hours or salary, if it helps the company retain you during a difficult period. Approach this cautiously and understand your financial implications.

Seek Support from Mentors or Influential Colleagues: If you have established strong relationships with senior colleagues or mentors within the company, consider seeking their advice and potential support. They might be able to advocate for your retention.

Take Away

Suspecting a potential layoff in Japan can cause significant stress. Yet, if you vigilantly watch for warning signs, understand your legal rights regarding loss of employment, and proactively demonstrate your value, you navigate the situation with greater awareness and might influence the outcome. Remember, getting fired in Japan is not arbitrary; employees have significant protections under employment law in Japan. You need information and support during such uncertain times.

Do you suspect your company might let you go? Why not start applying to jobs beforehand and be worry free later? We can help!

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